In this paper, the linear INTERPOLATION technique is applied to reconstruct the reflectance curves of the Munsell color chips from their tristimulus color coordinates. INTERPOLATION method has been applied by using a look-up table (LUT) for transforming color values from the color SPACE to the second multi-dimensional spectrophotometric domain. Tristimulus values of Munsell color chips have been used for creating the look-up table. Results of recovery are evaluated by the metamerism index under two different standard light sources and the root mean square (RMS) error. The results showed that the metamerism indices between the actual and the reconstructed curves were totally small. The negligible values of the RMS error also indicate the suitability of the proposed method.

The physiographical and climatological attributes of basins and maximum annual flood statistics were obtained from 38 hydrometric stations of Mazandaran province with minimum and maximum statistical periods 13 and 56 years. The first, homogenous regions in the physiographic SPACE based on neighborhood approach were determined by using physiographical SPACE based INTERPOLATION (PSBI) method. The Principal Component Analysis was used to design physiographic SPACE using the six physiographic variables affecting the flood. The exponential model had the best fit to semi-variogram model in 10, 20, 50 and 100 year return periods, and regional estimates obtained using ordinary Kriging technique based physiography SPACE. In order to evaluated the accuracy results using L-moments method for regional flood frequency analysis. In this method Ward hierarchical clustering has been used to the determination of homogeneous regions. Homogeneity areas were adjusted by using homogenous and discordancy tests. Using goodness-of-fit Z DIST the Generalized Logistic distribution was selected for all clusters as the best regional distribution and regional estimates obtained by parameters selected distribution. Finally, performance methods evaluated using Jack Knife procedure and the four statistical indexes BIAS, BIASr, RMSE, and RMSEr. Results showed that the PSBI method provide better performance than the L-moments at the four indexes considered and improving estimated by increasing the return periods, while the L-moments offers better performance for short return periods.

The physiographical and climatological attributes of basins and maximum annual flood statics were obtained from 38 hydrometric stations of Mazandaran Province. The first, physiographical SPACE based INTERPOLATION method was used for regional flood analysis with 10, 20, 50 and 100 year return periods. The Canonical Correlation Analysis was used to design physiographic SPACE and regional analysis was obtained application of three INTERPOLATION methods include, ordinary Kriging, simple Kriging and IDW in the physiographic SPACE. The results showed at-site flood quantiles have maximum correlation spatial in the physiographic SPACE and their spatial structures following from Gaussian semi variogram. In order to evaluated the accuracy results using L-moments method for regional flood frequency analysis. In this method Ward clustering has been used to the determination of homogeneous regions. Homogeneity areas were adjusted by using homogenous and discordancy tests. Using goodness-of-fit Z DIST the Generalized Logistic distribution was selected for all clusters as the best regional distribution and regional estimates obtained by parameters selected distribution. Finally, performance methods evaluated using Jack Knife procedure and the five statistical indexes BIAS, BIASr, RMSE, RMSEr and NASH. Both methods give the same and desirable performance based on NASH; however results of other indexes showed that physiographical SPACE based INTERPOLATION method provide better performance than linear moments and improving estimated by increasing the return periods, while the L-moments offers better performance for short return periods. The results of INTERPOLATION indicated that geostatistics estimates have more accuracy than deterministic estimates and ordinary Kriging has best performance.

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Approximation SPACEs, in their many presentations, are well known mathematical objects and many authors have studied them for long time. They were introduced by Butzer and Scherer in 1968 and, independently, by Y. Brudnyi and N. Kruglyak in 1978, and popularized by Pietsch in his seminal paper of 1981. Pietsch was interested in the parallelism that exists between the theories of approximation SPACEs and INTERPOLATION SPACEs, so that he proved embedding, reiteration and representation results for approximation SPACEs. In particular, embedding results are a natural part of the theory since its inception. The main goal of this paper is to prove that, for certain classes of approximation schemes (X, {An}) and sequence SPACEs S, if S1ÌS2Ìc0 (with strict inclusions) then the approximation SPACE A(X, S1, {An}) is properly contained into A(X, S2, {An}). We also initiate a study of strict inclusions between INTERPOLATION SPACEs, for Petree’s real INTERPOLATION method.

It is henceforth a commonplace; the science-fiction would be a refractory genre by nature against the definitive assimilation to the literary mainstream. We can say that the usual thematic of the genre, to which is added the irresistible propensity to prospect the future in all its forms, immunizes the SF against the “academic confinement” to the benefit of other forms of confinement. Indeed, the SF belongs to the great family of the paraliterature where the more or less listed subgenres are waiting to receive a likely definition. Popular genre which relies on a remarkable poetic, the SF is an open place to the imagination, to the verbal and the figurative creativity. It owns itself its subgenres, among other things, the SPACE opera which was, in a way, the original matrix of the speculative fiction and of its contemporary imitators. The Sternberg’s work did not have a special vocation to feed the already rich world of the science-fiction. It constitutes however a new step liable to bring a touch of self-reflexivity, we will notice that, to the history of this genre. French: “Le Navigateur” de Jacques Sternberg ou la phylogenese parodiee du SPACE opera C’est dorenavant un lieu commun, la science-fiction serait un genre par nature refractaire a l’assimilation definitive au mainstream litteraire. Nous dirons que les thematiques habituelles du genre, auxquelles viennent se meler l’irresistible propension a prospecter l’avenir sous toutes ses formes, immunisent la SF contre “l’enfermement academique” au profit d’un enfermement d’un autre genre. En effet, celle-ci appartient, comme on le sait, a la grande famille de la paralitterature ou se cotoient les sous-genres plus ou moins repertories en attente de recevoir un semblant de definition. Genre populaire s’appuyant sur une poetique singuliere, la SF est un lieu ouvert a l’imagination, a la creativite verbale et figurative. Elle possede elle-meme ses sous-genres, entre autres, le SPACE opera qui fut en quelque sorte la matrice originelle de la fiction speculative et de ses emules contemporaines. L’oeuvre sternbergienne n’eut guere pour vocation de nourrir le repertoire deja riche de la science-fiction. Elle constitue neanmoins une etape non repertoriee susceptible d’apporter, nous le constaterons, une touche d’auto-reflexivite a l’histoire du genre.Keywords: Jacques Sternberg, Nouvelle, Science-Fiction, SPACE Opera, Aventure, Fiction Speculative